class 10th sst- geography Contemporary India-2

 

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?

(a) Renewable

(c) Flow

(b) Biotic

(d) Non-renewable

(ii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation

(c) Over irrigation

(b) Deforestation

(d) Overgrazing

(iii) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

(a) Punjab

(c) Haryana

(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh

(d) Uttarakhand

(iv) In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir

(c) Rajasthan

(b) Maharashtra

(d) Jharkhand

2 . Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three

main features of this type of soil.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not

increased much since 1960-61?

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of

resources?

PROJECT/ACTIVITY

1 . Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in your locality.

2. Have a discussion in the class – how to conserve various resources used in

your school.

3. Imagine if oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our life style?

Answers - Based on the chapter you provided, here are the answers to the questions:

1. Multiple choice questions:

   (i) Answer: (d) Non-renewable

   (ii) Answer: (c) Over irrigation

   (iii) Answer: (d) Uttarakhand

   (iv) Answer: (b) Maharashtra

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

   (i) Three states having black soil are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

   (ii) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Its main features include fertility, deposition by rivers, and fine particles.

   (iii) To control soil erosion in hilly areas, measures like terrace farming, contour plowing, and afforestation can be taken.

   (iv) Biotic resources are living resources like forests and fisheries. Abiotic resources are non-living resources like minerals and metals.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

   (i) The land use pattern in India is diverse, with different regions having different types of land use such as forests, agriculture, and settlements. However, the land under forests has not increased much since 1960-61 due to deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization, which have led to the conversion of forest land for other purposes.

   (ii) Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources due to increased industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. As technology advances, there is a higher demand for resources to sustain economic growth and development.

PROJECT/ACTIVITY:

1. Create a project displaying the consumption and conservation of resources in your locality, focusing on areas such as water usage, energy consumption, and waste management.

2. Conduct a class discussion on how to conserve various resources used in your school, brainstorming ideas and strategies for efficient resource management.

3. Imagine scenarios where certain resources become scarce and discuss possible solutions and adaptations to mitigate the impact on society and the environment.

Other Answers - 1. Multiple Choice Questions:

(i) (d) Non-renewable

(ii) (c) Over irrigation

(iii) (d) Uttarakhand

(iv) (b) Maharashtra

2. 

(i) Three states having black soil are Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh. The main crop grown in black soil is cotton.

(ii) The type of soil found in the river deltas of the eastern coast is alluvial soil. Three main features of this soil are fertility, fine texture, and rich in minerals.

(iii) To control soil erosion in hilly areas, steps such as afforestation, contour plowing, terracing, and building check dams can be taken.

(iv) Biotic resources are living resources such as plants and animals, while abiotic resources are non-living resources like air, water, minerals. Examples of biotic resources include forests and fisheries, while examples of abiotic resources include minerals and fossil fuels.

3. 

(i) In India, land use patterns include forests, agriculture, pastures, and urban areas. The land under forests has not increased much since 1960-61 due to deforestation for agricultural expansion, industrialization, and urbanization.

(ii) Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources by increasing industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. Advancements in technology have also led to increased extraction and consumption of natural resources for energy production and manufacturing.

3.(i) The land use pattern in India is characterized by various categories, including forests, agriculture, pastures, and urban areas. However, the distribution of land use varies across different regions of the country due to factors such as climate, topography, and socio-economic conditions.

Forests: Forests cover a significant portion of India's land area and are vital for biodiversity, soil conservation, and climate regulation. Forests are mainly found in hilly regions, northeastern states, central India, and along the Western Ghats.

Agriculture: Agriculture is the primary occupation for a large portion of India's population. Different types of crops are grown across the country, including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables. The fertile plains of northern India and coastal regions are major agricultural areas.

Pastures: Grazing lands or pastures are essential for livestock rearing, especially in semi-arid and arid regions where agriculture is not feasible. These areas are mainly found in northwestern India and parts of central India.

Urban Areas- Urbanization has led to the expansion of cities and towns, resulting in the conversion of agricultural land and forests into built-up areas, industrial zones, and infrastructure development.

The land under forests has not increased much since 1960-61 due to several reasons:

Deforestation: Rapid population growth and increasing demand for agricultural land, fuelwood, and timber have led to extensive deforestation. Forests have been cleared to make way for agriculture, mining, infrastructure projects, and urban expansion.

Industrialization: Industrial activities require land for setting up factories, warehouses, and transportation networks. Industrial expansion often encroaches upon forested areas, leading to their depletion.

Urbanization: Urban sprawl and the expansion of cities have resulted in the conversion of forested land into residential and commercial zones. As cities grow, they consume more land, leading to the loss of forest cover.

Government Policies: Land use policies and developmental projects have sometimes prioritized economic growth over environmental conservation, leading to unsustainable land use practices and deforestation.

Overall, the pressure on forest land from population growth, agricultural expansion, industrialization, and urbanization has limited the increase in forest cover in India since 1960-61. To address this issue, conservation efforts, afforestation programs, sustainable land use practices, and stricter enforcement of environmental regulations are essential.